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#include "driver.h" #include "streams.h" #include "sound/samples.h" #include "includes/galaxian.h" #define VERBOSE 0 #define NEW_LFO 0 #define XTAL 18432000 #define SOUND_CLOCK (XTAL/6/2) /* 1.536 MHz */ #define RNG_RATE (XTAL/3) /* RNG clock is XTAL/3 */ #define NOISE_RATE (XTAL/3/192/2/2) /* 2V = 8kHz */ #define NOISE_LENGTH (NOISE_RATE*4) /* four seconds of noise */ #define SHOOT_RATE 2672 #define SHOOT_LENGTH 13000 #define TOOTHSAW_LENGTH 16 #define TOOTHSAW_VOLUME 0.36f #define STEPS 16 #define LFO_VOLUME 0.06f #define SHOOT_VOLUME 0.50f #define NOISE_VOLUME 0.50f #define NOISE_AMPLITUDE (70*256) #define TOOTHSAW_AMPLITUDE (64*256) /* see comments in galaxian_sh_update() */ #define MINFREQ (139-139/3) #define MAXFREQ (139+139/3) #define LOG(x) do { if (VERBOSE) logerror x; } while (0) static emu_timer *lfotimer = NULL; static INT32 freq; #define STEP 1 static INT32 noise_enable; static INT32 noisevolume; static INT16 *noisewave; static INT16 *shootwave; static INT32 shoot_length; static INT32 shoot_rate; static UINT8 last_port2=0; static INT16 tonewave[4][TOOTHSAW_LENGTH]; static INT32 pitch,vol; static INT32 counter, countdown; static INT32 lfobit[4]; static const INT16 backgroundwave[32] = { 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000, -0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000, -0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000,-0x4000, }; #define CHANNEL_NOISE 0 #define CHANNEL_SHOOT 1 #define CHANNEL_LFO 2 static sound_stream * tone_stream; static emu_timer *noisetimer; static TIMER_CALLBACK( lfo_timer_cb ); static TIMER_CALLBACK( galaxian_sh_update ); static STREAM_UPDATE( tone_update ) { stream_sample_t *buffer = outputs[0]; int i,j; INT16 *w = tonewave[vol]; /* only update if we have non-zero volume and frequency */ if( pitch != 0xff ) { for (i = 0; i < samples; i++) { int mix = 0; for (j = 0;j < STEPS;j++) { if (countdown >= 256) { counter = (counter + 1) % TOOTHSAW_LENGTH; countdown = pitch; } countdown++; mix += w[counter]; } *buffer++ = mix / STEPS; } } else { for( i = 0; i < samples; i++ ) *buffer++ = 0; } } WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_sound_w ) { data &= 0x01; switch (offset & 7) { case 0: /* FS1 (controls 555 timer at 8R) */ case 1: /* FS2 (controls 555 timer at 8S) */ case 2: /* FS3 (controls 555 timer at 8T) */ galaxian_background_enable_w(space, offset, data); break; case 3: /* HIT */ galaxian_noise_enable_w(space, 0, data); break; case 4: /* n/c */ break; case 5: /* FIRE */ galaxian_shoot_enable_w(space, 0, data); break; case 6: /* VOL1 */ case 7: /* VOL2 */ galaxian_vol_w(space, offset & 1, data); break; } } WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_pitch_w ) { stream_update(tone_stream); pitch = data; } WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_vol_w ) { stream_update(tone_stream); /* offset 0 = bit 0, offset 1 = bit 1 */ vol = (vol & ~(1 << offset)) | ((data & 1) << offset); } static TIMER_CALLBACK( noise_timer_cb ) { if( !noise_enable && noisevolume > 0 ) { noisevolume -= (noisevolume / 10) + 1; sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_NOISE,noisevolume / 100.0); } } WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_noise_enable_w ) { noise_enable = data & 1; if( noise_enable ) { noisevolume = 100; sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_NOISE,noisevolume / 100.0); } } WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_shoot_enable_w ) { if( data & 1 && !(last_port2 & 1) ) { sample_start_raw(CHANNEL_SHOOT, shootwave, shoot_length, shoot_rate, 0); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_SHOOT,SHOOT_VOLUME); } last_port2=data; } static SAMPLES_START( galaxian_sh_start ) { running_machine *machine = device->machine; int i, j, sweep, charge, countdown, generator, bit1, bit2; freq = MAXFREQ; sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_NOISE, NOISE_VOLUME); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_SHOOT, SHOOT_VOLUME); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_LFO+0, LFO_VOLUME); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_LFO+1, LFO_VOLUME); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_LFO+2, LFO_VOLUME); noisewave = auto_malloc(NOISE_LENGTH * sizeof(INT16)); #define SHOOT_SEC 2 shoot_rate = machine->sample_rate; shoot_length = SHOOT_SEC * shoot_rate; shootwave = auto_malloc(shoot_length * sizeof(INT16)); /* * The RNG shifter is clocked with RNG_RATE, bit 17 is * latched every 2V cycles (every 2nd scanline). * This signal is used as a noise source. */ generator = 0; countdown = NOISE_RATE / 2; for( i = 0; i < NOISE_LENGTH; i++ ) { countdown -= RNG_RATE; while( countdown < 0 ) { generator <<= 1; bit1 = (~generator >> 17) & 1; bit2 = (generator >> 5) & 1; if (bit1 ^ bit2) generator |= 1; countdown += NOISE_RATE; } noisewave[i] = ((generator >> 17) & 1) ? NOISE_AMPLITUDE : -NOISE_AMPLITUDE; } /* dummy */ sweep = 100; charge = +2; j=0; { #define R41__ 100000 #define R44__ 10000 #define R45__ 22000 #define R46__ 10000 #define R47__ 2200 #define R48__ 2200 #define C25__ 0.000001 #define C27__ 0.00000001 #define C28__ 0.000047 #define C29__ 0.00000001 #define IC8L3_L 0.2 /* 7400 L level */ #define IC8L3_H 4.5 /* 7400 H level */ #define NOISE_L 0.2 /* 7474 L level */ #define NOISE_H 4.5 /* 7474 H level */ /* key on/off time is programmable Therefore, it is necessary to make separate sample with key on/off. And, calculate the playback point according to the voltage of c28. */ #define SHOOT_KEYON_TIME 0.1 /* second */ /* NE555-FM input calculation is wrong. The frequency is not proportional to the voltage of FM input. And, duty will be changed,too. */ #define NE555_FM_ADJUST_RATE 0.80 /* discharge : 100K * 1uF */ double v = 5.0; double vK = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (R41__*C25__) / shoot_rate) : 0; /* -- SHOOT KEY port -- */ double IC8L3 = IC8L3_L; /* key on */ int IC8Lcnt = SHOOT_KEYON_TIME * shoot_rate; /* count for key off */ /* C28 : KEY port capacity */ /* connection : 8L-3 - R47(2.2K) - C28(47u) - R48(2.2K) - C29 */ double c28v = IC8L3_H - (IC8L3_H-(NOISE_H+NOISE_L)/2)/(R46__+R47__+R48__)*R47__; double c28K = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (22000 * 0.000047 ) / shoot_rate) : 0; /* C29 : NOISE capacity */ /* connection : NOISE - R46(10K) - C29(0.1u) - R48(2.2K) - C28 */ double c29v = IC8L3_H - (IC8L3_H-(NOISE_H+NOISE_L)/2)/(R46__+R47__+R48__)*(R47__+R48__); double c29K1 = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (22000 * 0.00000001 ) / shoot_rate) : 0; /* form C28 */ double c29K2 = (shoot_rate) ? exp(-1 / (100000 * 0.00000001 ) / shoot_rate) : 0; /* from noise */ /* NE555 timer */ /* RA = 10K , RB = 22K , C=.01u ,FM = C29 */ double ne555cnt = 0; double ne555step = (shoot_rate) ? ((1.44/((R44__+R45__*2)*C27__)) / shoot_rate) : 0; double ne555duty = (double)(R44__+R45__)/(R44__+R45__*2); /* t1 duty */ double ne555sr; /* threshold (FM) rate */ /* NOISE source */ double ncnt = 0.0; double nstep = (shoot_rate) ? ((double)NOISE_RATE / shoot_rate) : 0; double noise_sh2; /* voltage level */ for( i = 0; i < shoot_length; i++ ) { /* noise port */ noise_sh2 = noisewave[(int)ncnt % NOISE_LENGTH] == NOISE_AMPLITUDE ? NOISE_H : NOISE_L; ncnt+=nstep; /* calculate NE555 threshold level by FM input */ ne555sr = c29v*NE555_FM_ADJUST_RATE / (5.0*2/3); /* calc output */ ne555cnt += ne555step; if( ne555cnt >= ne555sr) ne555cnt -= ne555sr; if( ne555cnt < ne555sr*ne555duty ) { /* t1 time */ shootwave[i] = v/5*0x7fff; /* discharge output level */ if(IC8L3==IC8L3_H) v *= vK; } else shootwave[i] = 0; /* C28 charge/discharge */ c28v += (IC8L3-c28v) - (IC8L3-c28v)*c28K; /* from R47 */ c28v += (c29v-c28v) - (c29v-c28v)*c28K; /* from R48 */ /* C29 charge/discharge */ c29v += (c28v-c29v) - (c28v-c29v)*c29K1; /* from R48 */ c29v += (noise_sh2-c29v) - (noise_sh2-c29v)*c29K2; /* from R46 */ /* key off */ if(IC8L3==IC8L3_L && --IC8Lcnt==0) IC8L3=IC8L3_H; } } memset(tonewave, 0, sizeof(tonewave)); for( i = 0; i < TOOTHSAW_LENGTH; i++ ) { #define V(r0,r1) 2*TOOTHSAW_AMPLITUDE*(r0)/(r0+r1)-TOOTHSAW_AMPLITUDE double r0a = 1.0/1e12, r1a = 1.0/1e12; double r0b = 1.0/1e12, r1b = 1.0/1e12; /* #0: VOL1=0 and VOL2=0 * only the 33k and the 22k resistors R51 and R50 */ if( i & 1 ) { r1a += 1.0/33000; r1b += 1.0/33000; } else { r0a += 1.0/33000; r0b += 1.0/33000; } if( i & 4 ) { r1a += 1.0/22000; r1b += 1.0/22000; } else { r0a += 1.0/22000; r0b += 1.0/22000; } tonewave[0][i] = V(1.0/r0a, 1.0/r1a); /* #1: VOL1=1 and VOL2=0 * add the 10k resistor R49 for bit QC */ if( i & 4 ) r1a += 1.0/10000; else r0a += 1.0/10000; tonewave[1][i] = V(1.0/r0a, 1.0/r1a); /* #2: VOL1=0 and VOL2=1 * add the 15k resistor R52 for bit QD */ if( i & 8 ) r1b += 1.0/15000; else r0b += 1.0/15000; tonewave[2][i] = V(1.0/r0b, 1.0/r1b); /* #3: VOL1=1 and VOL2=1 * add the 10k resistor R49 for QC */ if( i & 4 ) r0b += 1.0/10000; else r1b += 1.0/10000; tonewave[3][i] = V(1.0/r0b, 1.0/r1b); LOG(("tone[%2d]: $%02x $%02x $%02x $%02x\n", i, tonewave[0][i], tonewave[1][i], tonewave[2][i], tonewave[3][i])); } pitch = 0xff; vol = 0; tone_stream = stream_create(device,0,1,SOUND_CLOCK/STEPS,NULL,tone_update); stream_set_output_gain(tone_stream, 0, TOOTHSAW_VOLUME); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_NOISE,0); sample_start_raw(CHANNEL_NOISE,noisewave,NOISE_LENGTH,NOISE_RATE,1); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_SHOOT,0); sample_start_raw(CHANNEL_SHOOT,shootwave,SHOOT_LENGTH,SHOOT_RATE,1); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_LFO+0,0); sample_start_raw(CHANNEL_LFO+0,backgroundwave,ARRAY_LENGTH(backgroundwave),1000,1); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_LFO+1,0); sample_start_raw(CHANNEL_LFO+1,backgroundwave,ARRAY_LENGTH(backgroundwave),1000,1); sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_LFO+2,0); sample_start_raw(CHANNEL_LFO+2,backgroundwave,ARRAY_LENGTH(backgroundwave),1000,1); noisetimer = timer_alloc(machine, noise_timer_cb, NULL); timer_adjust_periodic(noisetimer, ATTOTIME_IN_NSEC((155000+22000)/100*693*22), 0, ATTOTIME_IN_NSEC((155000+22000)/100*693*22)); lfotimer = timer_alloc(machine, lfo_timer_cb, NULL); timer_pulse(machine, video_screen_get_frame_period(machine->primary_screen), NULL, 0, galaxian_sh_update); state_save_register_global(machine, freq); state_save_register_global(machine, noise_enable); state_save_register_global(machine, noisevolume); state_save_register_global(machine, last_port2); state_save_register_global(machine, pitch); state_save_register_global(machine, vol); state_save_register_global(machine, counter); state_save_register_global(machine, countdown); state_save_register_global_array(machine, lfobit); } WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_background_enable_w ) { sample_set_volume(CHANNEL_LFO+offset,(data & 1) ? LFO_VOLUME : 0); } static TIMER_CALLBACK( lfo_timer_cb ) { if( freq > MINFREQ ) freq--; else freq = MAXFREQ; } WRITE8_HANDLER( galaxian_lfo_freq_w ) { #if NEW_LFO /* R18 1M,R17 470K,R16 220K,R15 100K */ static const int rv[4] = { 1000000,470000,220000,100000}; double r1,r2,Re,td; int i; if( (data & 1) == lfobit[offset] ) return; /* * NE555 9R is setup as astable multivibrator * - this circuit looks LINEAR RAMP V-F converter I = 1/Re * ( R1/(R1+R2)-Vbe) td = (2/3VCC*Re*(R1+R2)*C) / (R1*VCC-Vbe*(R1+R2)) parts assign R1 : (R15* L1)|(R16* L2)|(R17* L3)|(R18* L1) R2 : (R15*~L1)|(R16*~L2)|(R17*~L3)|(R18*~L4)|R??(330K) Re : R21(100K) Vbe : Q2(2SA1015)-Vbe * - R20(15K) and Q1 is unknown,maybe current booster. */ lfobit[offset] = data & 1; /* R20 15K */ r1 = 1e12; /* R19? 330k to gnd */ r2 = 330000; //r1 = 15000; /* R21 100K */ Re = 100000; /* register calculation */ for(i=0;i<4;i++) { if(lfobit[i]) r1 = (r1*rv[i])/(r1+rv[i]); /* Hi */ else r2 = (r2*rv[i])/(r2+rv[i]); /* Low */ } #define Vcc 5.0 #define Vbe 0.65 /* 2SA1015 */ #define Cap 0.000001 /* C15 1uF */ td = (Vcc*2/3*Re*(r1+r2)*Cap) / (r1*Vcc - Vbe*(r1+r2) ); #undef Cap #undef Vbe #undef Vcc logerror("lfo timer bits:%d%d%d%d r1:%d, r2:%d, re: %d, td: %9.2fsec\n", lfobit[0], lfobit[1], lfobit[2], lfobit[3], (int)r1, (int)r2, (int)Re, td); timer_adjust_periodic(lfotimer, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * td), 0, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * td)); #else double r0, r1, rx = 100000.0; if( (data & 1) == lfobit[offset] ) return; /* * NE555 9R is setup as astable multivibrator * - Ra is between 100k and ??? (open?) * - Rb is zero here (bridge between pins 6 and 7) * - C is 1uF * charge time t1 = 0.693 * (Ra + Rb) * C * discharge time t2 = 0.693 * (Rb) * C * period T = t1 + t2 = 0.693 * (Ra + 2 * Rb) * C * -> min period: 0.693 * 100 kOhm * 1uF -> 69300 us = 14.4Hz * -> max period: no idea, since I don't know the max. value for Ra :( */ lfobit[offset] = data & 1; /* R?? 330k to gnd */ r0 = 1.0/330000; /* open is a very high value really ;-) */ r1 = 1.0/1e12; /* R18 1M */ if( lfobit[0] ) r1 += 1.0/1000000; else r0 += 1.0/1000000; /* R17 470k */ if( lfobit[1] ) r1 += 1.0/470000; else r0 += 1.0/470000; /* R16 220k */ if( lfobit[2] ) r1 += 1.0/220000; else r0 += 1.0/220000; /* R15 100k */ if( lfobit[3] ) r1 += 1.0/100000; else r0 += 1.0/100000; r0 = 1.0/r0; r1 = 1.0/r1; /* I used an arbitrary value for max. Ra of 2M */ rx = rx + 2000000.0 * r0 / (r0+r1); LOG(("lfotimer bits:%d%d%d%d r0:%d, r1:%d, rx: %d, time: %9.2fus\n", lfobit[3], lfobit[2], lfobit[1], lfobit[0], (int)r0, (int)r1, (int)rx, 0.639 * rx)); timer_adjust_periodic(lfotimer, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / 1000000000 / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * 639 * rx), 0, attotime_make(0, ATTOSECONDS_PER_SECOND / 1000000000 / (MAXFREQ-MINFREQ) * 639 * rx)); #endif } static TIMER_CALLBACK( galaxian_sh_update ) { /* * NE555 8R, 8S and 8T are used as pulse position modulators * FS1 Ra=100k, Rb=470k and C=0.01uF * -> 0.693 * 1040k * 0.01uF -> 7207.2us = 139Hz * FS2 Ra=100k, Rb=330k and C=0.01uF * -> 0.693 * 760k * 0.01uF -> 5266.8us = 190Hz * FS2 Ra=100k, Rb=220k and C=0.01uF * -> 0.693 * 540k * 0.01uF -> 3742.2us = 267Hz */ sample_set_freq(CHANNEL_LFO+0, sizeof(backgroundwave)*freq*(100+2*470)/(100+2*470) ); sample_set_freq(CHANNEL_LFO+1, sizeof(backgroundwave)*freq*(100+2*330)/(100+2*470) ); sample_set_freq(CHANNEL_LFO+2, sizeof(backgroundwave)*freq*(100+2*220)/(100+2*470) ); } const samples_interface galaxian_samples_interface = { 5, NULL, galaxian_sh_start }; const samples_interface galaxian_custom_interface = { 5, NULL, galaxian_sh_start };
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